Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between personality traits and the level of academic achievement of first grade elementary students. Method: In terms of purpose, it was descriptive (non-experimental). The statistical population of the study was all first grade elementary school students in the city of Quds in the academic year 1399-1400 who are studying. From the statistical population of the present study, 148 sample sizes were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table. The Pham and Taylor Academic Performance Questionnaire and the revised Neo Short Form Five Personality Factors Questionnaire were used to collect data. Findings: The findings showed that there is a relationship between personality traits and academic achievement of first grade students. Conclusion: The correlation coefficient of the psychoanalytic scale with academic achievement is negative and inverse, but there is a positive and significant relationship between other subscales of personality traits and academic achievement.